TECHNICAL FOUL

ART. 38 TECHNICAL FOUL

Statement 1
When an official warning is given to a player for an action or behaviour which if repeated may lead to a technical foul, that warning shall also be communicated to the coach of that team and shall apply to any member of that team for similar actions and for the remainder of the game. An official warning shall be given only when the game clock is stopped and the ball is dead.

Example:
A member of team A is given a warning for:
(a) Interfering with throw-in.
(b) Clapping hands in the face of an opponent who is shooting for a successful field goal.
(c) Unsportsmanlike behaviour.
(d) Any other action which, if repeated, may lead to a technical foul.

Interpretation:
The warning shall be communicated also to coach A and shall apply to all team A members, for similar actions, for the remainder of the game.

Statement 2
If during an interval of play a technical foul is committed by a team member who is entitled to play and who is designated as player-coach, the technical foul shall count as a player foul and shall count towards the team penalty situation in the following period.

Example:
A4 is a player-coach for team A. A4 is charged with a technical foul for:
(a) Hanging on the ring during the pre-game or half-time warm up.
(b) Unsportsmanlike behaviour during an interval of play.

Interpretation:
In both, (a) and (b) a technical foul shall be charged to A4 as a player. The foul shall count as one of the fouls leading to the team penalty situation in the following period as well as one of the five fouls leading to A4’s having to leave the game.

Statement 3
While a player is in the act of shooting, opponents shall not be permitted to disconcert that player by actions such as waving a hand(s) to obstruct the shooter’s field of vision, shouting loudly, stamping feet heavily or clapping hands near the shooter. To do so may result in a technical foul if the shooter is disadvantaged by the action, or a warning if the shooter is not disadvantaged.

Example:
A4 is in the act of shooting for a goal when B4 attempts to distract A4 by shouting loudly or stamping feet heavily of the floor. The shot for goal is:
(a) Successful.
(b) Unsuccessful.

Interpretation:
(a) A warning shall be given to B4 and shall be communicated to coach B. This warning shall apply to all players of team B for the remainder of the game for similar behaviour.
(b) A technical foul shall be charged to B4.

Statement 4
If a player re-enters the game after having committed a fifth foul and after having been notified that the player is no longer entitled to participate, the illegal participation shall be penalized immediately upon discovery, without placing the opponents at a disadvantage.

Example:
After committing a fifth foul, B4 is notified of being no longer entitled to participate. Later, B4 enters the game as a substitute. B4’s illegal participation is discovered:
(a) Before the ball has become live for the resuming of the game.
(b) After the ball has again become live and while the ball is in control of team A.
(c) After the ball has again become live and while the ball is in control of team B.
(d) After the ball has again become dead following B4’s entering the game.

Interpretation:
(a) B4 shall be removed from the game immediately. A technical foul (recorded as “B”) shall be charged to the coach.
(b) The game shall be stopped immediately unless team A is placed at a disadvantage. B4 shall be removed from the game and a technical foul (recorded as “B”) shall be charged to coach B.
(c) and (d) The game shall be stopped immediately. B4 shall be removed from the game and a technical foul (recorded as “B”) shall be charged to coach B.

Statement 5
If, after having been notified of being no longer entitled to participate because of a fifth foul, a player enters the game again and scores a field goal, commits a foul, or is fouled by an opponent before the illegal participation is discovered, the field goal shall count and the foul shall be considered a player foul.

Example:
After having committed a fifth foul and having being notified of being no longer entitled to participate, B4 enters again as a substitute. B4’s illegal participation is discovered after:
(a) B4 scores a field goal.
(b) B4 commits a foul.
(c) B4 is fouled by A4 (fifth team foul).

Interpretation:
(a) The field goal scored by B4 shall count.
(b) The foul committed by B4 shall be considered a player foul.
(c) The two free throws merited by B4 shall be attempted by the substitute for B4.
After all the activity connected with (a), (b), and (c) is terminated, the penalty for the technical foul of coach B (recorded as “B”) shall be administered.

Statement 6
If, after having committed a fifth foul and not having been notified of being no longer entitled to participate, a player remains in or re-enters the game, that player shall be removed from the game as soon as the error is discovered without placing the opponents at a disadvantage. No penalty shall be applied for the player’s illegal participation. If that player scores a field goal, commits a foul or is fouled by an opponent, the field goal shall count and the fouls shall be considered as player fouls.

Example 1:
A10 asks to substitute for A4. The ball next becomes dead as a result of a foul by A4 and A10 enters he game. The officials fail to notify A4 that the foul is A4’s fifth foul. A4 later re-enters the game as a substitute. The illegal participation by A4 is realized:
(a) After the game clock has started and while A4 is participating as a player.
(b) After A4 has scored a field goal.
(c) After A4 fouls B4.
(d) After B4 fouls A4 during an unsuccessful shot for goal.

Interpretation:
(a) The game shall be stopped and A4 shall be removed from the game immediately and replaced by a substitute, without placing team B at a disadvantage. No penalty shall be charged because of A4’s illegal participation.
(b) The field goal scored by A4 shall count.
(c) The foul committed by A4 shall be considered a player foul and penalized accordingly.
(d) The foul committed by B4 shall be considered a foul against a player. A4’s substitute shall be awarded two or three free throws.

Example 2:
Ten minutes before the start of the game, a technical foul is called on A4. Before the start of the game two free throws are attempted by B4. The game is started with a jump ball but B4 is not in the starting 5 players for team B. Is this legal?

Interpretation:
No. One of the players designated as a starter must attempt the free throws. Substitution cannot be granted before the playing time has started.

Statement 7
When a player falls down to fake a foul in order to create an unfair advantage by having a foul called unjustly on an opponent or to create an unsportsmanlike atmosphere amongst spectators towards the officials, such behaviour shall be considered unsportsmanlike.

Example:
A4 is driving to the basket when defensive player B4 falls backwards to the floor without contact having occurred between these players or after negligible contact which definitely did not cause the theatrical display of B4. A warning for such action has already been communicated to the team B players through the team B coach.

Interpretation:
Such behaviour is obviously unsportsmanlike and poisons the smooth running of the game. A technical foul shall be called.

Statement 8
Serious injury can result whenever an excessive swinging of elbows is permitted, especially in rebounding activity and closely guarded situations. If such action results in contact, then a personal foul may be called. If the action does not result in contact, a technical foul may be called.

Example:
A4 gains control of a ball on rebound and returns to the floor. A4 is immediately closely guarded by B4. Without contacting B4, A4 excessively swings the elbows in an attempt to intimidate B4 or to clear enough space to pivot, pass, or dribble.

Interpretation:
A4’s action does not conform to the spirit and intent of the rules. A technical foul may be charged against A4.

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